After earning a Ph.D. in immunology, Catherine Larue began her career as a researcher at Sanofi (Montpellier) working in cardiovascular research; she and her team later discovered new biological signatures for cardiovascular diseases.

After 20 years in R&D across the pharmaceutical and life sciences industries—during which she co-authored more than 80 scientific publications and filed 13 patents— she became in 2012 CEO of the Luxembourg Biobank (an infrastructure dedicated to the collection, analysis, and ultra-low-temperature storage of human biological samples for research projects), and subsequently ad interim CEO of the Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH).

In 2020, she founded a consulting firm (CoDx) in Luxembourg to bridge the gap between academic and industrial research. She also serves as an occasional expert for the European Commission, particularly on new aspects of modern therapies, including personalized medicine. She has recently been certified (2025) by the Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce on her knowledge of European CSRD standards.